12 Best Free Email Marketing Tools for 2026 (Full Review)
Discover the 12 best free email marketing tools of 2026. Compare features, limits, and pricing to find the perfect platform for your business or project.
TL;DR: Discover the 12 best free email marketing tools of 2026. Compare features, limits, and pricing to find the perfect platform for your business or project.
Email marketing remains a top channel for customer engagement and ROI, but you don’t need a massive budget to get started. The right free email marketing tool can help you build an audience, nurture leads, and even drive sales without any upfront cost. However, not all free plans are created equal. They come with different limits on subscribers, sends, and features, making it crucial to choose wisely based on your specific needs, whether you’re a sales rep focused on cold outreach or a small business managing a newsletter.
This guide cuts through the marketing noise, providing a detailed breakdown of the 12 best free email marketing tools available today. We move beyond simple feature lists to analyze each platform’s true limitations, ideal use cases, and how to maximize their value. This ensures you can pick a platform that supports your growth from day one. Each review includes screenshots, direct links, and an honest assessment of pros and cons.
To achieve sustainable business growth, email marketing should be part of a broader set of essential marketing strategies. A core part of that strategy is ensuring your campaigns actually reach the inbox. We’ll also cover the non-negotiable step of email validation and explain how to integrate a service like Truelist.io to maintain a healthy sender reputation from the very beginning. This comprehensive resource is designed to help you find, implement, and succeed with the perfect free tool for your goals.
1. Kit (formerly ConvertKit)
Kit, which you may know by its former name ConvertKit, has carved out a significant space as one of the best free email marketing tools specifically for creators. Its “Newsletter” plan is exceptionally generous, offering a staggering free subscriber limit of up to 10,000 contacts. This makes it an ideal starting point for bloggers, YouTubers, podcasters, and artists who need to build and nurture a large audience without immediate financial investment.

The platform provides a clean, focused editor that prioritizes content, making it simple to write and send beautiful, text-centric newsletters that have strong deliverability. The free plan also includes unlimited landing pages and signup forms, which are essential for list growth.
The standout feature is its native commerce integration. Even on the free plan, you can sell digital products and paid newsletter subscriptions, with Kit handling the transactions for a small fee. This direct monetization path is a game-changer for solo creators.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Solo creators and small brands focused on newsletter growth and early-stage monetization.
- Not a Fit For: Users needing complex, multi-step automations or advanced A/B testing, as these features are behind the paywall.
Integration Note
To maintain list quality as you grow toward that 10,000-subscriber limit, it’s critical to validate new signups. You can set up an automated workflow to clean your list by connecting Kit with a validation service. Truelist offers a direct integration that helps remove invalid emails, protecting your sender reputation. You can learn how to integrate Truelist with Kit to ensure your newsletters reach real people.
2. Brevo (formerly Sendinblue)
Brevo, previously known as Sendinblue, stands out in the world of free email marketing tools with its all-in-one approach. Its free plan is structured around daily send volume rather than contact list size, allowing users to store an impressive number of contacts (up to 100,000) and send up to 300 emails per day. This makes it a great choice for businesses with large but infrequently contacted lists or for developers prototyping transactional email systems.

The platform bundles a drag-and-drop editor, basic automation workflows, and even SMS and WhatsApp campaign capabilities into its free offering. The inclusion of transactional email and SMS APIs at no cost is a significant benefit for developers and businesses needing to send automated order confirmations, password resets, and other system-generated messages.
A key advantage is its true multichannel functionality. Having email, SMS, and transactional messaging in one free platform provides a unified view of customer interactions without needing to patch together multiple services.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Businesses with large contact lists and low sending frequency, plus developers needing a free transactional email API.
- Not a Fit For: High-volume senders or marketers planning large campaign launches, as the 300 emails/day cap is a major bottleneck. The Brevo logo is also present on all free emails.
Integration Note
With the ability to store so many contacts, maintaining list hygiene is essential to avoid hitting your daily send limit with bounced emails. You can connect Brevo to a validation service to automatically clean your list. Truelist offers a direct integration that helps remove invalid emails before you send, protecting your sender score and making the most of your daily quota. You can learn how to integrate Truelist with Brevo to ensure your messages land in valid inboxes.
3. MailerLite
MailerLite strikes a fantastic balance between simplicity and functionality, making it one of the best free email marketing tools for startups and small businesses. Its free plan supports up to 500 subscribers and allows for 12,000 monthly email sends. This generous send limit is a key advantage for those who communicate with their list frequently but are still in the early stages of audience growth.

The platform’s drag-and-drop editor is modern and intuitive, and the free tier includes powerful list-building assets like unlimited landing pages and popups. You can also create basic automations to welcome new subscribers, which is a feature often gated behind paid plans on other platforms.
The most compelling aspect of MailerLite’s free plan is its comprehensiveness. You get a website builder, surveys, and automations without any upfront cost, providing a complete marketing toolkit to validate a new business idea or grow an early-stage venture.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Small businesses, freelancers, and startups needing an all-in-one solution for list growth and basic automation.
- Not a Fit For: Users who need advanced segmentation or have more than 500 subscribers, as the cap is restrictive.
Integration Note
With a monthly send limit of 12,000, maintaining high deliverability is essential to make every email count. Integrating an email validation service like Truelist helps protect your sender reputation by filtering out invalid or risky email addresses from your signup forms. You can connect Truelist with MailerLite via Zapier to automate list cleaning and ensure your campaigns reach genuine inboxes.
4. Mailjet by Sinch
Mailjet by Sinch presents a balanced solution for users who need both an accessible marketing editor and robust developer tools. Its free tier is a strong contender among the best free email marketing tools, offering a monthly allowance of 6,000 emails for up to 1,000 contacts. The key constraint is a daily sending cap of 200 emails, making it suitable for businesses with a steady, moderate newsletter cadence rather than large, infrequent blasts.

The platform provides a solid drag-and-drop editor and basic performance statistics, giving marketers what they need for standard campaign creation. Its reputation for reliable deliverability at modest volumes makes it a trustworthy choice for small businesses getting started.
The standout feature is its powerful API and SMTP relay included in the free plan. Developers can easily integrate Mailjet into applications for transactional emails (like password resets or receipts) and use webhooks to track events, a level of technical access not always available for free.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Developers needing a free SMTP relay for applications and marketers sending regular, small-batch newsletters.
- Not a Fit For: Businesses needing to send more than 200 emails per day or manage a list that exceeds 1,000 contacts on the free plan.
Integration Note
Given the 1,000-contact limit on the free plan, keeping your list clean is essential to maximize your resources. Integrating a validation service is a smart move to avoid wasting your limited sends on invalid addresses. Truelist provides a direct Mailjet integration that can automatically check new contacts as they are added, ensuring your daily email quota reaches engaged, real users and protecting your sender score.
5. Zoho Campaigns
Zoho Campaigns enters the conversation as one of the best free email marketing tools for businesses already invested in the Zoho ecosystem. Its forever-free plan is well-suited for early-stage companies, providing a solid foundation with up to 2,000 contacts and a 6,000 email-per-month sending limit. This makes it a cost-effective choice for small businesses managing their first substantial email list.
The platform includes a library of pre-designed templates, basic automation workflows, and clear reporting dashboards. While the interface and templates can feel more functional than flashy compared to some design-focused competitors, the platform’s core strength lies in its deep, native integration with over 40 other Zoho applications, including Zoho CRM and Zoho Commerce.
The primary advantage is its seamless fit within the broader Zoho suite. If your business already runs on Zoho CRM, you can sync contacts and data effortlessly, creating a unified customer management and marketing system without complex third-party connectors.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Small to medium-sized businesses that use other Zoho products and need a well-integrated, budget-friendly email marketing solution.
- Not a Fit For: Users who prioritize a highly modern, design-centric interface or require advanced automation and in-depth analytics on the free plan.
Integration Note
To protect your sending reputation with Zoho, especially as you approach the 2,000-contact limit, it’s vital to maintain a clean list. Integrating an email validation tool like Truelist is a key step. You can connect Truelist to your Zoho account via Zapier to automatically verify new contacts as they are added, which helps improve your campaign performance and keeps you in line with email deliverability best practices.
6. HubSpot Email Marketing (Free tools)
HubSpot’s free tools are less a standalone email service and more an entry point into a complete marketing and sales ecosystem. The platform is built around its powerful free CRM, making it one of the best free email marketing tools for businesses that want a unified view of their customer lifecycle. The free plan provides a solid foundation with 2,000 email sends per month, along with contact management, forms, and basic live chat.

This native connection between email, forms, and your contact database is the core advantage. When someone fills out a HubSpot form, they are automatically added to the CRM, where you can see every interaction, from page views to email opens. This makes it simple to start with basic marketing and have a clear path to scale.
The standout feature is the all-in-one nature of the free tier. Getting a robust CRM, email marketing, and form builder that work together seamlessly without any cost is a significant benefit for new businesses mapping out their initial growth strategy.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Startups and small businesses wanting a free, integrated CRM and email marketing solution that can grow with them.
- Not a Fit For: Users who need high-volume sending on a free plan or who are sensitive to mandatory branding on emails, as free sends include the HubSpot logo.
Integration Note
Because HubSpot’s free tools connect directly to its CRM, maintaining a clean contact database is essential for effective segmentation and reporting. To prevent bad data from entering your ecosystem from the start, you should validate emails captured through your HubSpot forms. Truelist’s integration helps you automatically check and remove invalid addresses, ensuring your contact records are accurate. You can learn how to integrate Truelist with HubSpot to protect your data quality.
7. EmailOctopus
EmailOctopus stands out with a simple, direct approach to email marketing, making it one of the best free email marketing tools for those who value clarity and a generous free tier. Its “Starter” plan is impressive, offering up to 2,500 subscribers and 10,000 emails per month. This makes it an excellent choice for small businesses, newsletter creators, and organizations that have outgrown smaller free plans but aren’t ready for complex, expensive platforms.

The platform provides an easy-to-use editor with over 100 templates, simple automation sequences, and tools for building landing pages and signup forms. The focus is on core functionality done well, ensuring a smooth onboarding experience for users who may be new to email marketing.
The standout feature is its high subscriber limit on the free plan. Allowing 2,500 contacts before requiring an upgrade is significantly more generous than many competitors, giving new ventures a long runway for growth.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Small businesses and newsletter creators needing a high subscriber limit and straightforward campaign tools.
- Not a Fit For: Users who need advanced segmentation, in-depth analytics, or complex automation workflows, as the free plan’s reporting is limited and features are basic.
Integration Note
With a generous 2,500-subscriber limit, it’s crucial to ensure your list quality remains high from the start. A high bounce rate can damage your sender reputation, especially as your list grows. Integrating a service like Truelist to validate emails as they are collected is a smart move. You can connect Truelist to EmailOctopus using Zapier to automatically clean your list and maintain strong deliverability.
8. Sender
Sender establishes itself as one of the best free email marketing tools by bundling advanced features, typically reserved for paid tiers, into its free plan. It offers a generous starting point for small businesses and e-commerce stores, with a limit of up to 2,500 subscribers and 15,000 emails per month. This makes it a strong contender for users who need functionality beyond basic newsletters without an initial budget.

The platform includes a drag-and-drop editor, pre-made templates, and robust segmentation options. It also provides pop-ups and forms to assist with list growth, all within the free offering. The user interface is straightforward, ensuring a minimal learning curve for new marketers.
The most compelling aspect of Sender’s free plan is the inclusion of email automation sequences. You can create welcome series, abandoned cart reminders, and happy birthday messages, features that many competitors place behind a paywall. Live chat support, even for free users, is another significant perk.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Small e-commerce stores and budget-conscious businesses needing email automation from day one.
- Not a Fit For: Businesses requiring extensive third-party integrations, as its app ecosystem is smaller than market leaders. The Sender branding on free-plan emails may not suit all brands.
Integration Note
To get the most out of the 15,000 free monthly emails, ensuring your contact list is clean is essential. Invalid emails increase bounce rates and can harm your sender reputation, wasting your free sending credits. You can connect Sender to an email validation service like Truelist via Zapier to automatically check new subscribers. This setup helps maintain a healthy list and improves deliverability. You can review the Zapier integration guide to create this workflow.
9. Benchmark Email
Benchmark Email offers a refreshed and accessible platform, positioning itself as a strong contender among the best free email marketing tools for beginners. Its free plan is designed for those with small, growing lists, providing a foundation of essential features to get started. It allows up to 500 contacts and 2,500 sends per month, making it ideal for new businesses or personal projects testing the waters of email marketing.

The platform includes a straightforward drag-and-drop editor, basic signup forms, and reporting capabilities. These tools are simple to navigate, allowing users to launch their first campaign with minimal friction.
The most significant advantage for new users is the inclusion of live chat and email support on the free plan. This level of accessible support is rare for a free tier and provides a critical safety net for anyone learning how to build and send their first newsletters.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Small businesses and solo operators who value ease of use and direct customer support.
- Not a Fit For: Users needing advanced segmentation, A/B testing, or multi-user access, as these features and the removal of Benchmark branding are reserved for paid tiers.
Integration Note
With a 500-contact limit, every subscriber counts. To make sure your list is composed of valid, engaged contacts, it’s wise to integrate an email validation service. Connecting Truelist to your Benchmark account via Zapier allows you to automatically filter out invalid or temporary emails from your signup forms. This protects your sender reputation and ensures your campaign metrics are accurate. You can learn how to integrate Truelist with Benchmark via Zapier to keep your list clean from day one.
10. Omnisend
Omnisend is an ecommerce-first email and SMS platform that stands out as one of the best free email marketing tools for online stores wanting to test advanced features. Its free plan is intentionally small, limited to 500 emails per month and 250 contacts, but provides a crucial benefit: access to nearly all of its powerful automation and multichannel features. This allows a new Shopify or BigCommerce store to pilot sophisticated workflows like cart abandonment sequences before committing to a paid plan.

The platform is purpose-built for the ecommerce customer lifecycle, with pre-built automation recipes, product recommendation blocks, and deep integration that pulls customer data and purchase history directly from your store. Even on the free plan, you can combine email, SMS, and web push notifications into a single automation workflow.
The ability to fully test drive advanced segmentation and multichannel automations without paying is Omnisend’s key advantage. You can build and validate a complete welcome series or abandoned cart flow to prove its ROI before scaling your contact list.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: New ecommerce stores on platforms like Shopify that want to evaluate a full-featured marketing automation tool before investing.
- Not a Fit For: Users needing to send to a large list for free or those not in the ecommerce space, as the contact and send limits are very restrictive.
Integration Note
As an ecommerce business, every contact is a potential sale, making list hygiene vital. Invalid emails from signups or checkouts can hurt your sender reputation and revenue. You can connect Omnisend to a validation service to automatically scrub your list. Truelist offers a direct integration that can be set up to clean contacts as they are added, ensuring your high-value automations reach actual customers. You can learn how to integrate Truelist with Omnisend to protect your deliverability from day one.
11. Mailchimp
No list of the best free email marketing tools would be complete without mentioning Mailchimp, one of the most recognized names in the industry. For years, it was the go-to platform for small businesses, and its free plan served as an excellent entry point. While its free tier has become more restrictive, it still offers a powerful and familiar environment for those just starting out or with very small lists.

The free plan includes up to 250 contacts and 500 email sends per month, with a daily cap of 250 sends. You get access to its core email editor, a library of templates, and basic reporting. Its user interface is polished and widely understood, supported by a massive ecosystem of guides and third-party integrations.
The platform’s biggest advantage is its brand recognition and extensive resource library. If you run into an issue, there’s a high probability that a tutorial, forum post, or guide already exists to help you solve it.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: New users wanting to test a well-known platform or businesses with a very small, static contact list.
- Not a Fit For: Users planning for rapid list growth or needing any form of automation, as the free plan’s limits are strict and advanced features are gated.
Integration Note
Because the free plan’s contact limit is so low, every subscriber counts. It’s crucial to ensure your list is clean to avoid wasting space on invalid emails. You can connect Mailchimp to a validation tool like Truelist using a service like Zapier to automatically check new signups. Regularly performing email list cleaning is essential for maintaining deliverability and making the most of the limited free sends.
12. MailerSend (by MailerLite)
MailerSend, an offering from the creators of MailerLite, is a modern service built for a specific but crucial need: transactional emails. While many tools focus on newsletters, MailerSend is designed for developers and product teams who need to send automated, event-triggered emails like password resets, order confirmations, and shipping notifications. It merges this technical focus with accessible marketing features, making it a unique hybrid.

Its free plan provides a modest 500 emails per month, accessible via a robust Email API or SMTP relay. Despite the small allowance, it includes powerful features like dynamic templates with a drag-and-drop editor, inbound email routing, and detailed activity logs with webhooks. This makes it one of the best free email marketing tools for applications needing high-reliability sends from day one.
The standout feature is its dual nature. It provides the high-deliverability infrastructure of a dedicated transactional service while still offering tools like a visual email editor, which is rare in developer-first platforms. This allows teams to manage both system and marketing messages from one place.
Use Case & Limitations
- Ideal For: Developers and SaaS businesses needing to integrate reliable transactional emails into their applications.
- Not a Fit For: Marketers who need a large volume of free newsletter sends, as the 500-email monthly limit is very restrictive for list-building. A credit card is also required for account verification.
Integration Note
For applications sending critical transactional emails like account activations, deliverability is paramount. Ensuring you’re sending to valid addresses is the first step. You can connect MailerSend with Truelist using its API to validate email addresses in real-time as users sign up. You can see how to build this with the Truelist API to prevent bounces and protect your sender reputation from the very first email.
Top 12 Free Email Marketing Tools — Feature Comparison
| Product | Core features | Free plan value 💰 | UX & deliverability ★ | Best for 👥 | Standout ✨/🏆 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kit (formerly ConvertKit) | Creator-focused newsletters, forms, tagging, basic automation | 💰 Free up to 10,000 subs (Newsletter plan) | ★★★★ Clean editor, strong deliverability | 👥 Solo creators & paid-newsletter makers | ✨ Native commerce for paid content · 🏆 very high free cap |
| Brevo (Sendinblue) | Email + SMS + transactional, drag-drop, Aura AI | 💰 300 emails/day, store up to 100,000 contacts | ★★★ Multichannel deliverability, Aura AI | 👥 Multichannel marketers & devs | ✨ All-in-one channels + transactional · 🏆 huge contact storage |
| MailerLite | Drag-and-drop builder, landing pages, popups, automations | 💰 Free: 500 subs, 12,000 emails/month | ★★★★ Simple UI, good deliverability | 👥 Startups & small businesses | ✨ Balanced features on Free · 💰 generous monthly sends |
| Mailjet by Sinch | API/SMTP relay, webhooks, editor, basic stats | 💰 Free: 6,000 emails/month (200/day) & 1,000 contacts | ★★★ Reliable for moderate volumes, dev-friendly | 👥 Developers & mid-volume newsletters | ✨ Strong API/SMTP support |
| Zoho Campaigns | Templates, basic automation, Zoho app integrations | 💰 Free: 2,000 contacts & 6,000 emails/month | ★★★ Utilitarian UI, solid sending | 👥 SMBs using Zoho CRM/Apps | ✨ Native tie-in to Zoho ecosystem · 💰 great value for Zoho users |
| HubSpot Email Marketing | CRM-native emails, forms, basic automation & reporting | 💰 Free: 2,000 sends/month | ★★★★ Unified CRM data aids deliverability | 👥 Teams needing free CRM + email | ✨ Seamless CRM integration · 🏆 scalable upgrade path |
| EmailOctopus | Templates, simple automations, landing pages | 💰 Free: 2,500 subs & 10,000 emails/month | ★★★ Simple, reliable sending | 👥 Newsletter-focused teams scaling to SES | 💰 High subscriber cap · ✨ clear scaling path |
| Sender | Automation, segmentation, templates, live chat support | 💰 Free: 2,500 subs & 15,000 emails/month | ★★★★ Good deliverability, responsive support | 👥 Cost-conscious senders needing automations | 🏆 Very generous free limits + live support |
| Benchmark Email | Drag-and-drop editor, forms, reports | 💰 Free: 500 contacts & 2,500 emails/month | ★★★ Easy to launch, straightforward stats | 👥 Small lists & first-time senders | ✨ Quick setup & live support on Free |
| Omnisend | Ecommerce email/SMS, push, advanced automations | 💰 Free: 500 emails/month to 250 contacts | ★★★ Ecommerce-optimized deliverability | 👥 Ecommerce merchants (Shopify/BigCommerce) | ✨ Full ecommerce automations on Free |
| Mailchimp | Extensive templates, integrations, guides | 💰 Free: 250 contacts & 500 sends/month | ★★★ Familiar UI; limits hinder growth | 👥 Very small businesses & testers | 🏆 Large ecosystem of templates & integrations |
| MailerSend (by MailerLite) | Transactional email API, SMTP, templates, logs | 💰 Free: 500 emails/month (card required) | ★★★★ Reliable transactional delivery | 👥 Product teams & apps needing transactional email | ✨ Combines transactional reliability with basic marketing features |
Choosing Your Tool and Your Next Steps
Navigating the world of the best free email marketing tools can feel overwhelming, but as we’ve detailed, the “best” platform is rarely a one-size-fits-all answer. It’s a choice deeply rooted in your specific business needs, your technical comfort level, and your immediate goals. Making the right selection now, even on a free plan, sets the trajectory for your future growth.
Recapping the Top Contenders for Your Use Case
The key is to match the tool to the job. Let’s distill our findings into a final recommendation framework:
- For Content Creators & Solopreneurs: If your primary focus is building a loyal audience through newsletters and simple automations, Kit (formerly ConvertKit) stands out. Its creator-centric design and straightforward landing page builder offer the fastest path from idea to audience connection. MailerLite is another strong contender here, offering a more generous free tier and an exceptionally easy-to-use interface.
- For Small Businesses & E-commerce: If you need a robust, all-in-one solution that can scale, Brevo (formerly Sendinblue) and HubSpot are top-tier choices. Brevo’s generous daily sending limit and inclusion of transactional emails and SMS on its free plan are remarkable. For those already in or planning to enter the HubSpot ecosystem, their free email tool is a natural, powerful extension of their CRM. Omnisend is the specialist for e-commerce, with its deep platform integrations and sales-focused automations.
- For Developers & API-First Needs: When your email function needs to be a seamless part of a larger application, MailerSend and Mailjet are your go-to options. Their developer-friendly documentation, powerful APIs for transactional emails, and focus on deliverability make them ideal for programmatic sending. They treat email as a core infrastructure component, not just a marketing channel.
- For High-Volume Senders on a Budget: For those who need to reach a large contact list without an immediate budget, Sender and EmailOctopus offer the most generous free plans based on subscriber or email send counts. They provide a solid foundation of essential features, allowing you to execute campaigns at a scale that other platforms would require a paid subscription for.
Your Next Steps: Beyond the Platform
Choosing a tool is only the first step. True success in email marketing is built on the habits you establish from day one. Before you import your first contact or send your first campaign, consider these critical next actions:
- Define a Single, Clear Goal: What is the number one thing you want to achieve with your first 30 days of email marketing? Is it getting 100 new subscribers? Making your first sale? Successfully delivering password reset emails? Focus on one specific, measurable outcome. This will prevent you from getting distracted by features you don’t need yet.
- Establish Your List Hygiene Protocol: This is non-negotiable. A free tool is rendered useless if your sender reputation is damaged by high bounce rates. Your first and most important habit should be cleaning your list. This isn’t an upsell; it’s a foundational practice for long-term success and deliverability. Integrating an email validation service like Truelist.io from the outset ensures that every contact you add is valid. This practice protects your domain and ensures that as you grow, you’re building on a clean, high-performing asset.
- Explore Advanced Strategies: Once you have your tool and your list hygiene process in place, you can begin exploring more specific growth tactics. For instance, many SaaS and B2B companies find immense value in partner programs. Learning the nuances of email marketing for affiliate marketing can show you how to use your new platform to recruit, onboard, and motivate affiliate partners, creating a powerful new revenue channel.
The power of today’s free email marketing platforms is immense. They provide an incredible opportunity to build a professional, effective email program without the financial barrier to entry. By choosing a tool that aligns with your primary objective and committing to meticulous list maintenance from the start, you are not just sending emails; you are building a valuable business asset that will pay dividends for years to come.
Stop validating once and hoping for the best. Truelist’s recurring validation automatically re-checks your lists on a schedule — catching new bounces, dead mailboxes, and risky addresses before they damage your sender reputation. No credits, no per-email charges.
